Question words and pronouns in French

Three ways to ask

French asks the same question three ways, from casual to formal:

  • Tu travailles où ? — by intonation alone
  • Où est-ce que tu travailles ? — with est-ce que
  • Où travailles-tu ? — by inverting subject and verb

All three are correct; the first is the most common in speech.

il and elle for things

Every noun has a gender, so things are il or elle too: La table ? Elle est dans la cuisine.

son, sa, ses

The possessive agrees with the thing owned, not the owner: son père is "his father" or "her father"; context tells you which.

on

In speech, on often replaces nous: On y va ? — Shall we go?

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French Question Words and Pronouns (A1)

a120 words

20 words: question words, personal pronouns and possessives.

  • qui · who
  • que, quoi · what
  • où · where
  • quand · when
  • pourquoi · why
  • comment · how
Show all words
WordMeaningExample
qui/ki/whoQui est cet homme ?Who is that man?
que, quoi/kə, kwa/whatQu'est-ce que tu fais ?What are you doing?
où/u/whereOù travailles-tu ?Where do you work?
quand/kɑ̃/whenQuand commence le film ?When does the movie start?
pourquoi/puʁkwa/whyPourquoi es-tu en retard ?Why are you late?
comment/kɔmɑ̃/howComment vas-tu au travail ?How do you get to work?
quel, quelle/kɛl/whichQuelle couleur veux-tu ?Which color do you want?
combien (de)/kɔ̃bjɛ̃/how many, how muchCombien de frères as-tu ?How many brothers do you have?
Quel âge …?/kɛl ɑʒ/how oldQuel âge as-tu ?How old are you?
je, moi/ʒə, mwa/I (moi: me)Je t'aime. Et toi, tu m'aimes ?I love you. Do you love me?
tu / vous/ty / vu/you (tu: informal; vous: formal or plural)Tu es mon meilleur ami.You are my best friend.
il/il/he; it (masculine nouns)Il habite à Paris.He lives in Paris.
elle/ɛl/she; it (feminine nouns)C'est ma sœur. Elle a vingt ans.This is my sister. She's twenty.
nous / on/nu / ɔ̃/we / usNous habitons ici. Venez nous voir !We live here. Visit us!
ils / elles/il / ɛl/they (ils: masculine or mixed; elles: feminine)Ce sont mes amis. Ils viennent d'Espagne.These are my friends. They're from Spain.
mon, ma, mes/mɔ̃, ma, me/myC'est ma voiture.This is my car.
ton, ta, tes/tɔ̃, ta, te/yourC'est ton sac ?Is this your bag?
son, sa, ses/sɔ̃, sa, se/his, her, its (matches the noun after it)Son père est médecin.His (or her) father is a doctor.
notre, nos/nɔtʁ, no/ourC'est notre maison.This is our house.
leur, leurs/lœʁ/theirLeurs enfants sont à l'école.Their children are at school.